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The correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon, is :
a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon never equilibrates with its corresponding enol
a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as aldehyde-ketone equilibration
a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as keto-enol tautomerism
a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as carbonylation

A

a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as aldehyde-ketone equilibration

B

a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as carbonylation

C

a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as keto-enol tautomerism

D

a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon never equilibrates with its corresponding enol

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Solution

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The correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon, is given by the option D.
"A carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as keto-enol tautomerism."
For example, the keto enol tautomerism for acetaldehyde is as shown.
$C H_{3} C H O ⇌ C H_{2} = C H O H$
The inter conversion of the two forms (keto and enol) involves the movement of an alpha hydrogen and the shifting of bonding electrons.

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