Anabolism and catabolism are the two broad classes of biochemical reactions that make up metabolism.
- Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. These chemical reactions require energy.
- Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. These reactions release energy.
Anabolic and catabolic pathways typically work together, with the energy from catabolism providing the energy for anabolism.
- Respiration is the process in which organisms exchange gases between their body cells and the environment.Respiration may refer to the metabolic processes of converting the energy stored in biological molecules to usable energy in the form of ATP. Three types of respiration include internal, external, and cellular respiration.
Hence, these are the essential chemical processes in living organisms.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'