In 1911, Casimir Funk isolated a concentrate from rice polishings that cured polyneuritis in pigeons. He named the concentrate “vitamine” because it appeared to be vital to life and because it was probably an amine. Although, the concentrate and other “accessory food substances” were not amines, the name stuck, but the final “e” was dropped. In 1913, two groups discovered a “fat-soluble” accessory food substance. Initially, believed to be a single vitamin, two separate factors were involved. One, effective against xerophthalmia, was named vitamin A; the other, effective against rickets, was named vitamin D. The factor that prevented scurvy was isolated in 1928. Known as “water-soluble C,” it was renamed ascorbic acid.