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Question

Unstable hardness of water is due to the presence of:
  1. CaCl2,MgSO4
  2. Ca+2,Mg+2
  3. K+,CaCO3
  4. Ca(HCO3)2,Mg(HCO3)2

A
CaCl2,MgSO4
B
Ca+2,Mg+2
C
K+,CaCO3
D
Ca(HCO3)2,Mg(HCO3)2
Solution
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Hard water, water that contains salts of calcium and magnesium principally as bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. Water hardness that is caused by calcium bicarbonate is known as temporary, because boiling converts the bicarbonate to the insoluble carbonate; hardness from the other salts is called permanent.

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Q1
80 mL of water sample contains 0.162 g Ca(HCO3)2 and 0.146 g Mg(HCO3)2. The hardness of water expressed in term of CaCO3 is:
(Given : molar mass of Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2 are 162 and 146 g/mol respectively. )
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Q2
One litre hard water contains 1 mg CaCl2 and 1 mg MgSO4. The hardness of water is:
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1 kg of a sample of water contains 222 mg of CaCl2 and 219 mg of Mg(HCO3)2. Its permanent hardness and temporary hardness in ppm are respectively:
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If this is true enter 1, if false enter 0.
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