The process of releasing energy by the oxidation of food is known as respiration.
∙ The human respiratory system consists of nostrils, nasal passage, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm.
∙ Nostrils open into the nasal cavities. The nasal cavity is lined with fine hair and mucus which trap dust particles and microbes and prevent their entry into the respiratory system.
∙ The air from the nasal cavity passes to the pharynx, which leads to the trachea through a slit called the glottis.
∙ A cartilaginous flap called the epiglottis protects the glottis. The epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the trachea.
∙ C-shaped cartilaginous rings support the trachea which prevents the trachea from collapsing even when there is no air in it.
∙ At the upper end, the trachea has the voice box called the larynx.
∙ The trachea runs down the neck and divides into two bronchi, which lead to the lungs and further divide into smaller bronchioles in the lungs.
∙ The smallest bronchioles terminate in alveoli. The walls of the alveoli are thin and covered by blood capillaries to facilitate the exchange of gases in the lungs.