Refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. Sometimes Refractive Index range is used to distinguish a number as referring to a refractive index and also for expressing quantities that vary with refractive index. The index of refraction of a substance is equal to the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its speed in that substance. Its value determines the extent to which light is refracted when entering or leaving the substance.