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Question

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
$2 - M e t h y l p e n t a n e$
$2, 2 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e$
$2, 3 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e$
Cannot be determined

A

2, 2 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e

B

2 - M e t h y l p e n t a n e

C

Cannot be determined

D

2, 3 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e

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Solution

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2 - Methyl pentane has the highest boiling point because the boiling point in alkane depends upon the chains of atoms and the molecular mass of the molecules. Straight-chain molecules have higher boiling point than the branched-chain compounds.

This is because intermolecular forces (often called van der Waal's forces) depend on attractions caused by quantum fluctuations in the surface electrons of the molecule. The larger the surface area, the more opportunity for such attractions to exist and therefore a stronger force. Thus boiling point decreases with branching.

The boiling point order is as follows :
$2 - M e t h y l p e n t a n e > 2, 3 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e > 2, 2 - D i m e t h y l b u t a n e$

Option A is correct.

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