Answer is option B i.e. "Erasmus Darwin"
Erasmus Darwin formulated one of the first formal theories on evolution. He anticipated the theory of evolution through natural selection which was similar to theory of Charles Darwin.
While, Alfred Russel Wallace was co-discoverer with Charles Darwin. They both discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection.
Thomas Godfrey was an optician and not biologist. He discovered a geometric structure called octant.
Thomas Robert Malthus studied the fields of political economy and demography.