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Question

Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Plasmids
  3. Mutations
  4. Ribosomes

A
Mitochondria
B
Ribosomes
C
Plasmids
D
Mutations
Solution
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A plasmid can be defined as a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms. These plasmids serve as important tools in genetics and biotechnology laboratories. They are commonly used to clone and amplify (make many copies of) or express particular genes. The gene to be replicated is normally inserted into a plasmid that typically contains a number of features for their use. These include a gene that confers resistance to particular antibiotics (ampicillin is most frequently used for bacterial strains), an origin of replication to allow the bacterial cells to replicate the plasmid DNA and a suitable site for cloning.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

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