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Convergent Evolution

Question

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?
Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates
Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates, Wings of butterfly and birds
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Wings of butterfly and birds
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Eyes of octopus and mammals

A

Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Eyes of octopus and mammals

B

Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

C

Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Wings of butterfly and birds

D

Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates, Wings of butterfly and birds

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Solution

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Development of similar adaptive functional structures in unrelated groups of organisms is called convergent evolution. It shows analogy. Examples are wings of butterfly and birds, eye of octopus and mammals, flippers of penguins and dolphins, etc. On the other hand, divergent evolution involves the modification of organs to perform different functions as an adaptation to different environments. For example forelimbs of vertebrates (whales, bat, cheetah, human). Though these perform different functions, they have similar anatomical structure.
So, the correct answer is 'Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates'.

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Similar Questions

Q1

(a) Select the homologous structures from the combinations given below:
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Tuber of potato and sweet potato
(iii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iv) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita

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Q2

(a) Select the homologous structures from the combinations given below.
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Tuber of potato and sweet potato
(iii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iv) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) State the kind of evolution they represent.

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Q3

How many of the following develops as a result of divergent evolution i.e. the same structure developed along with different directions due to adaptation to different needs?

(a) Sweet potato and potato
(b) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita
(c) Flippers of penguin and dolphin
(d) Wings of bat and flippers of the whale
(e) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(f) The sting of honey bee and scorpion

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Q4

(a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.
(b) Select and write analogous structures from the list given:
(i) Wings of butterfly and birds
(ii) Vertebrate hearts
(iii) Tendrils of bougainvillea and Cucurbita
(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato.

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Q5

State the kind of evolution they represent.

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