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Standard VI
English
Theme, Main Idea and Purpose of a Passage
Question

[passage-header]Read the following passage and do the given activities: [/passage-header]Human and dogs have been inseparable since thousands of years and they are dependent on each other for protection and survival. The relationship between humans and dogs is often characterized by strong emotional bonds which run both way. Dogs are very popular as pets and companions. Dog is the 'Man's Best Friend' and a family member. The dog is one of the most loyal, faithful and devoted animals. In earlier days, dogs were kept mainly for hunting and guarding; now they are kept for companionship, protection and showmanship.
There are millions of people all over the world who are dog lovers. Puppies need more attention at their early age. As much as possible try many methods of socialization, such as playing with them, taking them for walk, expose them to crowds, make them to obey the orders etc.

Write a short summary of the passage and suggest a suitable title:

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Man's Best Friend
Humans and dogs have a history of being inseparable and mutually dependent for protection and survival. Their relation is that of an emotional bond where the dog is a pet as well as a family member. It is loyal, faithful and devoted to man. They were kept mainly for hunting and guarding, but now they make great companions and entertainers. Millions of people love dogs and puppies need more attention. One should try making their dogs social, by playing with them, walking them, exposing them to the crowd and teaching them to obey.

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Similar Questions
Q1
[passage-header]Read the following passage and do the given activities: [/passage-header]Human and dogs have been inseparable since thousands of years and they are dependent on each other for protection and survival. The relationship between humans and dogs is often characterized by strong emotional bonds which run both way. Dogs are very popular as pets and companions. Dog is the 'Man's Best Friend' and a family member. The dog is one of the most loyal, faithful and devoted animals. In earlier days, dogs were kept mainly for hunting and guarding; now they are kept for companionship, protection and showmanship.
There are millions of people all over the world who are dog lovers. Puppies need more attention at their early age. As much as possible try many methods of socialization, such as playing with them, taking them for walk, expose them to crowds, make them to obey the orders etc.

Write a short summary of the passage and suggest a suitable title:
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Q2
[passage-header]Read the following passage and do the given activities: [/passage-header]Human and dogs have been inseparable since thousands of years and they are dependent on each other for protection and survival. The relationship between humans and dogs is often characterized by strong emotional bonds which run both way. Dogs are very popular as pets and companions. Dog is the 'Man's Best Friend' and a family member. The dog is one of the most loyal, faithful and devoted animals. In earlier days, dogs were kept mainly for hunting and guarding; now they are kept for companionship, protection and showmanship.
There are millions of people all over the world who are dog lovers. Puppies need more attention at their early age. As much as possible try many methods of socialization, such as playing with them, taking them for walk, expose them to crowds, make them to obey the orders etc.

Puppies need more attention.
Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning beginning with:
'Puppies don't...':
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Q3

Read the following passage and do the exercises that follow. Then complete the family tree of dogs given on the facing page.

The Dog Family

The dog family is one of the 11 families that make up the Carnivores, a large group of intelligent, flesh-eating, backboned animals. In this group are such varied animals as bears, pandas, raccoons, cats, hyenas, and even seal. The dog or canine family has many wild species like wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals, and wild dogs. The dog is the only domesticated member of the canine family though now and then someone tames a wolf, fox or coyote as a pet. All members of the dog family are descendants of a wolf-like animal which lived about 15 million years ago. From this distant ancestor, the true dogs gradually developed. But nobody knows the exact ancestor of the modern domestic dog.

Several wild dogs look and behave like domestic dogs. The dingo or wild dog of Australia is one of these. It is possible that the dingo was a tamed dog brought to Australia long ago which then ran wild. Dogs were the first animals tamed by humans — perhaps 20,000 years ago. Tamed dogs were brought from Asia to the New World 5,000 or more years ago. Dogs were first used for hunting.

1. Find the opposites of these words in the text above.

(i) ancestor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(ii) wild t _ m _

(iii) ancient _ _ _ _ _ _

(iv) near d _ _ _ _ _ t

(v) suddenly gr _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. Complete the following sentences.

(i) The dingo is __________________________________________________.

(ii) Dogs were the ____________________________________________animals tamed by humans. The other animals tamed by humans are __________________________

________________________________________________________________

(Think and name some other such animals.)

(iii) The New World refers to ___________________________________.

Dogs were brought there from __________________________________.

3.

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Q4
passage
Greyhound racing is the sixth most popular spectator sport in the United States. Over the last decade, a growing number of racers have been adopted to spend their retirement as household pets, once their racing careers are over.
Many people hesitate to adopt a retired racing greyhound because they think only very old dogs are available. Actually, even champion racers only work until they are about three-and-ahalf years old. Because greyhounds usually live to be 12 to 15 years old, their retirement is much longer than their racing careers.
People worry that a greyhound will be more nervous and active than other breeds and will need a large space to run. These are false impressions.
Greyhounds have naturally sweet, mild dispositions, and while they love to run, they are sprinters rather than distance runners and are sufficiently exercised with a few daily laps around a fenced-in backyard.
Greyhounds do not make good watchdogs, but they are very good with children, get along well with other dogs (and usually cats as well), and are affectionate and loyal. They are intelligent, well-behaved dogs, usually housebroken in only a few days. A retired racing greyhound is a wonderful pet for almost anyone.
Q16. This passage is most like an advertisement because it

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Q5
Both passages discuss the issue of the intelligence of dogs. Passage $$1$$ was adapted from a $$2001$$ book on animal intelligence. Passage $$2$$ was written in $$2001$$ by a dog trainer and writer.

Passage $$1$$
It was no accident that nineteenth-century naturalist Charles Darwin strove to connect the mentality and emotionality of people with that of dogs, rather than, say, doves or horses. Neither his theory of evolution nor any general understanding of biology demanded that he preferentially underline our similarity to dogs over other species. But politically and emotionally, the choice was inevitable for an English gentleman who had set himself the task of making the idea of evolutionary continuity palatable. Darwin wrote that "dogs possess something very similar to a conscience. They certainly possess some power of self-command. Dogs have long been accepted as the very type of fidelity and obedience.

Darwin was not alone in his beliefs that dogs possess human virtues. The characteristics of loyalty and obedience, coupled with an expressive face and body, can account for why dogs are such popular and valued pets in many cultures. Depending on the breed and the individual, dogs can be noble, charming, affectionate, and reliable. But while all dog owners should rightly appreciate these and other endearing traits in their pets, nothing says that the cleverness of a highly intelligent primate such as a chimpanzee is part of the package. Scientists generally believe the reasoning abilities of chimps to be considerably greater than that of dogs. But many people nonetheless believe that dogs are smarter than chimps precisely because of our familiarity and emotional ties with the dogs that we love.

We apply the same secret rules to our fellow humans: the old in-group, out-group story. People in your in-group are those who are similar to you, either because they belong to the same organizations as you, or enjoy the same activities, or and this is the kicker because they are simply around more often. Dogs, because of their proximity to their owners, are definitely in. The intensity of our relationship with dogs causes us, quite naturally, to imbue them with high-level mental abilities, whether they have earned those extra intelligence points or not. We like them, so we think well of them.

Passage $$2$$
Every dog trainer that I know had the same childhood, a childhood filled with the brilliant, heroic dogs of literature. We read about dogs who regularly traveled thousands of miles to be reunited with owners who somehow misplaced them repeatedly saved people from certain death, and continually exhibited a better grasp of strategic problem-solving than the average Ph. D. In the preface to one of his many dogs stories, S. P. Meek a bit shamefacedly remarked that in writing of dogs "I endeavored to hold these heroes down to the level of canine intelligence, and to make them, above all, believable. If at times I seem to have made them show super-canine intelligence, it is because my enthusiasm has run away with me." We forgave him, of course. It was something of a shock, therefore, to discover how the learning theory "exerts" believed dogs think and learn. I was told that dogs, unlike chimpanzees, have no real reasoning ability. Dogs don't think: rather, they learn to avoid the unpleasant(negative reinforcement), seek the pleasant (positive reinforcement), or some combination of the two. To contend otherwise was to be guilty of the sin of anthropomorphizing, the attribution to an animal of motivations and consciousness that only a human being could possess.

Yet as a dog trainer, I find myself siding more with the Meeks than I do with the learning theorists: nobody could believe dispassionately in the totality of positive and negative reinforcement after seeing the pure intelligence shining in the face of a border collie intent on helping a shepherd herd sheep. Dogs do think and reason. Granted, a dog might not be able to run a maze as quickly as a chimp. But a dog outshines any other animal that I know in the ability to work willingly with a human being, to communicate with a puzzling creature who often makes incomprehensible demands. Researchers have increasingly come to view intelligence as a complex collection of mental abilities that cannot be fully captured in any simple way. Dogs are geniuses at being useful, and it is this usefulness that we admire when we praise their intelligence. As Jonica Newby, a specialist in animal-human interaction, writes, "In some ways, intelligence is a matter of matching behavior to the environment. To compare intelligence in creatures that have evolved differently is a bit like deciding which has hit upon the best mode of travel: the dolphin or the horse." And it is dogs, not chimps, who possess the most helpful mode of travel for human beings.

Both the author of Passage $$1$$ and the "experts" mentioned in line $$53$$ of Passage $$2$$ directly support the idea that.
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