CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 1 - The Solid State Notes

The Solid State Class 12 CBSE Revision Notes

This article deals with solid state notes. First of all, people call liquids and gases as fluids. This is due to their ability to flow. Furthermore, this fluidity is possible because their molecules are free to move about. In contrast, the positions of constituent particles in solids are fixed and they can only oscillate. Consequently, this results in rigidity in solids.

The properties of solids depend on the nature of constituents particles. Furthermore, the properties also depend on the binding forces which operate between the constituent particles. Moreover, the correlation between the properties and structure facilitates the discovery of new solid materials. Most noteworthy, various arrangements of particles are possible with the solid-state. Thus, solid state notes will come handy while studying this topic.

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Sub-topics covered under The Solid State

General Introduction– Solid-state of an object refers to being firm and solid.
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids– Crystalline solids have well-defines faces and edges in contrast to amorphous solids that have irregular or curved surfaces.
Space Lattice or Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell– These are various depictions of the three-dimensional arrangements of various constituent particles.
Number of Particles in Unit Cells– There are eight identical particles on a unit cell’s eight corners.
Close Packing in Crystals– This is an arrangement of constituent particles in the crystal lattice that is space-efficient.
Tetrahedral and Octahedral Voids– Octahedral void comes into existence when the tetrahedral void of the first and second layers align together.
Radius Ratio Rules– More anions pack around as the size of a cation increases.
Density of a Cubic Crystal– This part deals with the density of a cubic crystal.
Imperfections or Defects in a Solid– Presence of imperfections in solids probably always occur as there is no such thing as a perfect crystal.
Electrical Properties of Solids– Conductivity refers to the ease with which an electric current passes through a particular solid.
Magnetic Properties of Solids– The magnetic properties of a solid are due to the magnetic properties of ions and atoms in these solids.