Multiplication and Division Methods

Do you know how to multiply two numbers? Can you answer this question? Suppose a marble manufacturing company manufactures 25 marbles in a day. The machine works for 300 days a year. So can you find the total marbles manufactured by the company in 300 days? The answer to this question is just multiply the number of marbles manufactured in a day into the number of days the machine works. To understand this concept in a more easy way let us study the topic multiplication methods in detail.

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Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers

Before carrying out the operations such as multiplication and division let us first see what are natural and whole numbers.

• Natural Numbers: Natural numbers are the counting numbers. These are the numbers which start with 1. So the numbers 1, 2, 3… in which do our counting are called as natural numbers.

N = {1, 2, 3, 4,  5,…}

• Whole Numbers: The set of natural numbers and a 0 in it makes it a whole number. Whole numbers have all the elements of natural numbers and zero.

W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…}

Ways to Multiply and Divide a Number

Let us first start with Multiplication Methods:

Multiplication of Two Natural/Whole Numbers

Let us take two natural/whole number 14 and 3. Do you know how to multiply these numbers? Let’s see how these numbers are multiplied. i.e to find 14 × 3

Now first take the unit’s digit. i.e 4
So, 3 × 4 = 12
Now write 2 as it is and carry one above 1.
Now 3 × 1 = 3 and 3 + 1 carry = 4
So now we have 14 × 3 = 42.

Division of Two Natural/Whole Numbers

Let us take two natural number 63. Do you know how to divide a number? Let’s see how this is divided. Since 3 × 2 = 6

We have 6 ÷3 = 2
Similarly 3 × 1 = 3
Therefore 3 ÷ 3 = 1
Hence 63 ÷ 3 = 21

In the process of division, the number which is divided is called the dividend. The number which is dividing is called as the divisor. The number of times divisor divides dividend is quotient and the number left over after division is called remainder.

For example in the above figure, the dividend is 470988, the divisor is 378 and the quotient is 1246 and the remainder is 0.

If we divide 0 by any number, the result will be 0.

Solved Examples for You

Question 1: Evaluate: 9608 × 3 × 12 × 0 ×10 = …….

1. 2,88240
2. 74,058
3. 0
4. 96,08,132

Answer: The correct option is C. Since any number multiplied by zero is zero. Therefore  9608 × 3 × 12 × 0 ×10 = 0

Question 2: If one dozen apples cost Rs 35. What is the cost of 135 dozens of apples?

1. 1, 335
2. 2, 365
3. 4,725
4. 8, 356

Answer : The correct option is C. If one dozen apples cost  Rs. 35, then the cost of 135 dozens of apples will be 4,725.

Question 3: Explain what is multiplication in Math?

Answer: It is a mathematical operation that we perform on a pair of numbers in order to derive a third number that we call a product. In addition, multiplication of positive integers consists of adding a number (the multiplicand) to itself a specified number of times.

Question 4:  What is the basic idea behind multiplication?

Answer: The most basic idea behind multiplication is repeated addition because it makes repeated addition easier. For example, 5 × 3 = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15. However, as we multiply by whole numbers, we can also multiply by fractions, decimals and more.

Question 5: What is a simple multiplication?

Answer: It is an arithmetic operation for finding the product of two numbers. Furthermore, it is the third most basic operation in math after addition, which is the first, and subtraction which is the second and after that there is multiplication.

Question 6: Why the product of zero is always zero?

Answer: Irrespective of what the other number is, multiplication by zero always results in an answer of zero. Also, that zero manages to be both a non-negative and non-positive integer still is neither negative nor positive is just one of the unique properties of the number.