Cascading of I/O Operators: Program of Cascading of I/O Operators

The cascading of I/O operators, simply speaking, is nothing but the consecutive occurrence of input or output operators in a single statement. This is certainly an important part of the programming of C++, one of the computer languages. Furthermore, cascading of operators happens when an object calls an operator function by passing an argument, and the value of the operator function that is returned calls the next operator function in the same expression.

Cascading of I/O Operators

Program of Cascading of I/O Operators

With respect to cascading of I/O operators, it would be certainly good to consider the program below:

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// C++ program to illustrate the

// cascading operators

Moreover, #include 

using namespace std;



// Height Class

class Height {

private:

int feet, inches;

public:

Furthermore, // Default Constructor

Height()

{

feet = 0;

inches = 0;

}

// Function to assign value to

// the object of class Height

Also, void setData(int x, int y)

{

feet = x;

inches = y;

}

Furthermore, // Function to print the object

// of the class

void showData()

{

cout << feet << "'" << inches;

}

// Function for overloading

// of operator +

Furthermore, Height operator+(Height H)

{

Height temp;



// Add the feets

temp.feet = feet + H.feet;



// Add the inches

temp.inches = inches + H.inches;

Also, return temp;

}

// Function to normalize the height

Moreover, // into proper terms of 1 feet

// per 12 inches

void normalize()

{

// Update the feets

if (inches == 12 || inches > 12) {

feet = feet + inches / 12;

}



Furthermore, // Update Inches

inches = inches % 12;

}

};

// Driver Code

int main()

{

Also, Height h1, h2, h3, h4;



Moreover, // Initialize the three heights

h1.setData(5, 9);

Furthermore, h2.setData(5, 2);

Also, h3.setData(6, 2);

// Add all the heights using

// cascading of operators

So, h4 = h1 + h2 + h3;



Moreover, // Normalize the heights

h4.normalize();



Furthermore, // Print the height h4

h4.showData();



Finally, return 0;

}

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Explanation of Program of Cascading of I/O Operators

With this code, for the cascading program above, the cascading of the operator is happening here:

h4 = h1 + h2 + h3;

Here, at first h1 object is called (+) operator. Furthermore, in the operator function call, there is the passing of h2 as an argument.

The returned value of this operator function calls again (+) operator and the passing of h3 as an argument takes place in the same expression. Furthermore, the assigning of the returned value of this second operator function takes place in h4.

Below are some important points that should be certainly kept in mind regarding the cascading of I/O operators:

There is no limitation as far as the cascading of operators in a program is concerned.
The operator function called here must be returning an object of the same class whose object called this operator function. Furthermore, this returning must be by the operator function. Most noteworthy, if this does not happen, the returned value will not be able to call the operator function of the same class.

FAQs For Cascading of I/O Operators

Question 1:What is meant by a reference variable in C++?

Answer 1: A reference variable in C++ is another name for an already existing variable. As such, it is an alias. Moreover, once the initialization of a reference happens with a variable, the use of either the reference name or the variable name may take place to refer to the variable.

Question 2: With respect to C++, explain extraction operator and insertion operator?

Answer 2: I/O operators in C++, a programming language, refer to those operators that take input and display output. Furthermore, the operator that takes the input is called the extraction or get from operator (>>). In contrast, the operator whose use takes place to display the output is called the insertion or put to operator (<<).

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