The function dir python is responsible for returning the valid list of the attributes for the objects in the current local scope.
For example:
If an object of a method called is named as __dir__(), the function must return a list of attributes that are associated with that function.
dir() Parameters
The dir python function has a maximum of one optional parameter.
- Object-returns the list of the attributes of this object.
Return Value from dir()
The dir python function is responsible for returning all the valid list of attributes of the object.
If the object has a _dir_() method, the method will be called, and it must return all the list of attributes it contains.
Some examples to explain the functionality of the fir() are given below:
Example 1:
To acquire a list of valid attributes, use the following example. It only accepts one parameter, which is optional.
Source Code
att = dir()
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__',
'__spec__']
Example 2:
This function returns attributes linked to an object if we pass it a parameter. Here’s an example.
Source Code
lang = ("C","C++","Java","Python")
# Calling function
att = dir(lang)
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__',
'__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__',
'__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
'__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']
Example 3:
Source Code:
# Python dir() function example
class Student():
def __init__(self,x):
return self.x
# Calling function
att = dir(Student)
# Displaying the result
print(att)
Output:
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__',
Example 4:
The function dir() will be invoked if it is already defined in the object.
Source Code
class Student():
def __dir__(self):
return [10,20,30]
# Calling the function
s = Student()
att = dir(s)
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
[10, 20, 30]
What is DIR in Python?
DIR in python is an inbuilt function that returns a list of any object’s attributes and methods (say functions, modules, strings, lists, dictionaries, etc.)
Look at the examples given below to understand how they function works:
Example 1: How dir() works?
number = [1, 2, 3]
print(dir(number))
print('\nReturn Value from empty dir()')
print(dir())
Output
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__',
'__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__',
'__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__',
'__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__',
'__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__',
'__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__',
'__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
'__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend',
'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
Return Value from empty dir()
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__',
'__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'number']
Example 2: dir() on User-defined Object
class Person:
def __dir__(self):
return ['age', 'name', 'salary']
teacher = Person()
print(dir(teacher))
Output
['age', 'name', 'salary']
Example 3: Program to demonstrate the dir()
import random
print("The random library's contents are as follows::")
print(dir(random))
Output :
The random library's contents are as follows::
['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random', 'SG_MAGICCONST',
'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', '_BuiltinMethodType', '_MethodType', '_Sequence',
'_Set', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
'__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_acos', '_ceil', '_cos', '_e', '_exp',
'_inst', '_log', '_pi', '_random', '_sha512', '_sin', '_sqrt', '_test', '_test_generator',
'_urandom', '_warn', 'betavariate', 'choice', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss',
'getrandbits', 'getstate', 'lognormvariate', 'normalvariate', 'paretovariate', 'randint',
'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed', 'setstate', 'shuffle', 'triangular', 'uniform',
'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']
Is dir a keyword in Python?
The dir is not a keyword but is a built-in function in Python used to return all the attributes of the object.
What is dir () in R?
The dir() in R is used to return all the character vectors that contain the names of the files and the folders in a directory.
Syntax:
dir(path)
What is the function of Dir?
The dir() function returns all of the object’s properties and methods, but not their values. All properties and methods, including built-in properties that are the default for all objects, will be returned by the function.
Without arguments, the method returns a list of names in the current local scope. Return a list of valid attributes for the object using an argument.
Source Code:
class Person:
name = "John"
age = 36
country = "Norway"
print(dir(Person))
Output
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'age', 'country', 'name']
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