CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 8 - Controlling Class 12 Notes

Controlling Class 12 Revision Notes

In the controlling class 12 notes, we will begin by studying one of the important functions of a manager i.e. Controlling. We will study as to why Controlling is known as a goal-oriented function. Then, we will study the importance of Controlling. Also, we will study the limitation of Controlling. Moreover, we will study the relationship between Planning and Controlling. Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management. Planning starts the process of management and controlling completes the process. Plans are the base for control and without control, the best plans may go ineffective. Thus, we will understand that planning and controlling are interrelated and, in fact, reinforce each other. Furthermore, we will study the steps involved in the controlling process. The process of control involves setting the performance standards, measurement of actual performance.

Also, it includes comparison of actual performance with standards, analysis of deviations and taking corrective action. Also, we will study the advantages of Critical Point Control and Management by Exception. Then, we will study the various techniques of managerial control. Thus, we will study traditional and modern techniques in detail. In traditional techniques, we will study about Personal observation, Statistical reports, breakeven analysis, and budgetary control. Then, we will study the modern techniques. These consist of Return on investment, Ratio analysis, Responsibility accounting. Also, it includes Management audit, PERT and CPM and Management information system.

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Sub-topics under Controlling:

Meaning of Controlling: In this Sub-topic, we will study one of the important functions of a manager i.e. Controlling. We will study as to why Controlling is known as a goal-oriented function.
Techniques of Managerial Control: In this Sub-topic, we will study the various techniques of managerial control. Thus, we will study traditional and modern techniques in detail.
Responsibility Accounting, Management Audit and Pert and CPM: Here, we will study the modern techniques of managerial control i.e. (Responsibility Accounting, Management Audit, PERT and CPM) in detail.

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