In the study of the Modern Organizational Theory, we talk about Simple Theory as well as Contingency Theory. In this article, we will look at the contingency theory and also how it differs from the other organizational theories.
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Modern Organizational Theories – Contingency Theory
The contingency theory is simply an extension of the systems organizational theory. According to this theory, there is no particular managerial action or organizational design that is appropriate for all situations.
In fact, the design, as well as the managerial decision, depends on the situation. In other words, it is contingent on the situation and circumstances. Therefore, the Contingency Theory is also referred to as a situational theory.
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Like in the systems organizational theory, the contingency theory considers an organization as a system which consists of several sub-systems.
Further, both these theories lay a lot of emphasis on maintaining and adapting activities for the growth and survival of the system.
They also deal with patterns of relationships and the interdependence among the elements of the system. However, there are some differences between the two.
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- Modern Organization Theory- Systems Theory
Learn more about Modern Organization Theory – Systems Theory here in detail
Differences between the Systems and Contingency Organizational Theory
- The systems theory focuses on the internal dynamics of an organization’s structure and behavior. On the other hand, the contingency organizational theory focuses on the external determinants of the organization’s behavior and structure.
- The systems theory lays down universal principles for application in all situations. On the other hand, the contingency organizational theory works on the prescription which says that ‘it all depends’.
In other words, the contingency organizational theory spells out the relationship between an organization and its external environment and endeavors to fill a critical lacuna of the systems theory.
Further, it offers a more explicit understanding of the relationship between various variables of the environment. It is also action-oriented and directed towards the application of the system theory’s concepts.
Hence, it offers useful and practical insights to managers in turbulent working environments.
Further, the contingency organizational theory seeks to emphasize the multivariate nature of an organization. Further, it tries to understand how an organization operates under varying conditions in specific circumstances.
Also, the theory directs its views towards recommending organizational designs and managerial actions which are most appropriate for specific situations.
The theory suggests that apt organizational design depends on environmental variables like size, technology, people, etc.
A quick comparison of all organizational theories
Basics | Classical | Behavioral | Systems | Contingency |
Focus | Work as well as the economic needs of workers | Small groups and also human behavior | Interrelationships | Situational variables |
Structure | Mechanical and also Impersonal | Organization as a social system | Open Systems view of the organization | Environmental determinants of organization |
Means | Empirically derived Principles | Group participation | Conceptual skills | Environmental Scanning |
Results | Work alienation as well as dissatisfaction | Satisfied and also efficient employees | Systems theory as well as design | Dynamic management style |
Practices | Authoritarian and also bureaucratic | Democratic and also participative | Systems concepts | Business environment Interface |
Main Exponents | F. W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber | Elton Mayo, A.H. Maslow, Douglas McGregor | F.E. Kast, J.E. Rosenzweig, R.A. Johnson | P.R. Lawrence, J.W. Lorsch, J. Woodward |
Solved Question for You
Q1. What is the Contingency Organizational Theory?
Answer: According to the Contingency Organizational Theory, there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions. In fact, the best course of action is dependent or contingent internal and external situations.
What are the structural, Behavioral, focus ,emphasis and Practical elements of classical theory